What is Gum Recession?
Gingival recession (aka gum recession) is a loss of gum tissue, which can result in exposure of the root surface of teeth.
Symptoms of Gum Recession
Sensitivity near gum line to cold, hot, sweet, toothbrushing, and/or dental cleanings
Gum Line that looks higher/lower in a localised spot
A visible section of tooth near the gum line that appears slightly darker/yellower than the rest of the tooth
Why is Gum Recession a problem?
More vulnerable to sensitivity, root caries, and tooth loss
Exposed roots allow bacteria to reach the root which increases risk for cavities on the roots of teeth.
The gum tissue and jaw bone are supportive structures of the teeth. When gum tissue recedes, the bone directly underneath it can recede too. Without the gums and bone supporting the teeth, you are more susceptible to tooth loss.
Aesthetics - the appearance of gum recession can bother some people
Causes of Gum Recession
Periodontal disease
Dental calculus (aka tartar) buildup (as shown in image below)
Clenching/grinding forces
Misaligned teeth
Genetic predisposition of thin gingival tissue
Frenum pulls
Trauma or injury to the gum tissue, eg;
Brushing too hard or aggressively
Lip or tongue piercings
Smoking, chewing tobacco, zyns
How is gum disease diagnosed & monitored?
Probing - a hygienist or dentist will use a probe to measure the gums to determine the severity of the gum recession.
ITERO scans - a digital 3D scan of all your teeth gives a detailed view of the teeth and gums. If ITERO scans are done regularly, a timelapse can be viewed to see any changes to gums/teeth over time.
Treatment of gum recession
Unfortunately, gum recession is permanent and that tissue will not grow back. In most cases, it is best to take precautionary steps to prevent the condition from worsening (ie; addressing the items listed above in "causes", and proper oral hygiene)
Mild gum recession can often just be monitored, especially if it's not symptomatic & stable
If mild gum recession is stable, but symptomatic, a hygienist, dental assistant, or dentist, can place fluoride varnish or other desentizing agents on this area, which typically alleviates sensitivity for about 3 months.
More advanced or unstable/rapidly changing gum recession typically will indicate the need to see a periodontist (gum specialist), who will assess the need for gum grafting.
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